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<title>Trusted Computing Group</title>

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</style><table class="infobox ib-company vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org" style="font-size: 125%;">Trusted Computing Group</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image ib-company-logo logo"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Company type</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="Consortium" title="Consortium">Consortium</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Founded</th><td class="infobox-data">2003</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Founder</th><td class="infobox-data agent"><a href="AMD" title="AMD">AMD</a>, <a href="Hewlett-Packard" title="Hewlett-Packard">Hewlett-Packard</a>, <a href="IBM" title="IBM">IBM</a>, <a href="Intel" title="Intel">Intel</a>, <a href="Microsoft" title="Microsoft">Microsoft</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Headquarters</th><td class="infobox-data adr"><div class="ib-company-locality locality"><a href="Beaverton%2C_OR" class="mw-redirect" title="Beaverton, OR">Beaverton, OR</a><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div>, <div class="ib-company-country country-name">United States</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trustedcomputinggroup.org">trustedcomputinggroup<wbr>.org</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table>

<p>The <b>Trusted Computing Group</b> is a group formed in 2003 as the successor to the Trusted Computing Platform Alliance which was previously formed in 1999 to implement <a href="Trusted_Computing" title="Trusted Computing">Trusted Computing</a> concepts across personal computers.<sup id="cite_ref-TCGInception_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TCGInception-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Members include <a href="Intel" title="Intel">Intel</a>, <a href="AMD" title="AMD">AMD</a>, <a href="IBM" title="IBM">IBM</a>, <a href="Microsoft" title="Microsoft">Microsoft</a>, and <a href="Cisco" title="Cisco">Cisco</a>.

</p><p>The core idea of trusted computing is to give hardware manufacturers control over what software does and does not run on a system by refusing to run unsigned software.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2></div>

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<p>On October 11, 1999, the Trusted Computing Platform Alliance (abbreviated as TCPA), a consortium of various technology companies including Compaq, Hewlett-Packard, IBM, Intel, and Microsoft, was formed in an effort to promote trust and security in the personal computing platform.<sup id="cite_ref-TCPAInception_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TCPAInception-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In November 1999, the TCPA announced that over 70 leading hardware and software companies joined the alliance in the first month.<sup id="cite_ref-TCPA-FC_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TCPA-FC-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On January 30, 2001, version 1.0 of the Trusted Computing Platform Specifications was released.<sup id="cite_ref-TCPA-v1.0_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TCPA-v1.0-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> IBM was the first <a href="Original_equipment_manufacturer" title="Original equipment manufacturer">original equipment manufacturer</a> to incorporate hardware features based on the specifications with the introduction of its ThinkPad T30 mobile computer in 2002.<sup id="cite_ref-IBM-TP_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IBM-TP-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>In 2003, the TCPA was succeeded by the Trusted Computing Group, with an increased emphasis on mobile devices.<sup id="cite_ref-TCGInception_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TCGInception-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>Membership fees vary by level. Promoters pay annual membership fees of $30,000, contributors pay $15,000, and depending upon company size, adopters pay annual membership fees of either $2,500 or $7,500.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Overview">Overview</h2></div>

<p>TCG's most successful effort was the development of a <a href="Trusted_Platform_Module" title="Trusted Platform Module">Trusted Platform Module</a> (TPM), a <a href="Semiconductor_intellectual_property_core" title="Semiconductor intellectual property core">semiconductor intellectual property core</a> or <a href="Integrated_circuit" title="Integrated circuit">integrated circuit</a> that conforms to the specification to enable <a href="Trusted_computing" class="mw-redirect" title="Trusted computing">trusted computing</a> features in computers and mobile devices. Related efforts involved <a href="Trusted_Network_Connect" title="Trusted Network Connect">Trusted Network Connect</a>, to bring trusted computing to network connections, and Storage Core Architecture / <a href="Opal_Storage_Specification" title="Opal Storage Specification">Security Subsystem Class</a>, to bring trusted computing to disk drives and other storage devices. These efforts have not achieved the same level of widespread adoption as the trusted platform module.

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Criticism">Criticism</h2></div>

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</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="Trusted_Computing#Criticism" title="Trusted Computing">Trusted Computing § Criticism</a></div>

<p>The group historically faced opposition from the <a href="Free_software" title="Free software">free software</a> community on the grounds that the technology had a negative impact on the users' privacy and can create customer <a href="Vendor_lock-in" title="Vendor lock-in">lock-in</a>, especially if it is used to create <a href="Digital_rights_management" title="Digital rights management">DRM</a> applications. It received criticism from the <a href="Linux" title="Linux">Linux</a> and <a href="FreeBSD" title="FreeBSD">FreeBSD</a> communities, as well as the software development community in general.

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="ISO_standardization">ISO standardization</h2></div>

<p>In 2009, ISO/IEC release trusted platform module standards

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<ul><li>ISO/IEC 11889-1:2009 Information technology—Trusted Platform Module—Part 1: Overview</li>

<li>ISO/IEC 11889-2:2009 Information technology—Trusted Platform Module—Part 2: Design principles</li>

<li>ISO/IEC 11889-3:2009 Information technology—Trusted Platform Module—Part 3: Structures</li>

<li>ISO/IEC 11889-4:2009 Information technology—Trusted Platform Module—Part 4: Commands</li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div>

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<li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trustedcomputinggroup.org/about/">About Trusted Computing Group</a></span>

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</style><cite id="CITEREFRick_Merritt2003" class="citation web cs1">Rick Merritt (April 8, 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.eetimes.com/document.asp?doc_id=1202119">"New group aims to secure PCs, PDAs, cell phones"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2014-11-17</span></span>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061003155033/https://www.trustedcomputinggroup.org/faq/TPMFAQ/">"Trusted Computing Group: TPM FAQ"</a>. <i>www.trustedcomputinggroup.org</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.trustedcomputinggroup.org/faq/TPMFAQ/">the original</a> on 3 October 2006<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 January</span> 2022</span>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-TCPAInception-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-TCPAInception_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFIBM_News_Room1999" class="citation web cs1">IBM News Room (October 11, 1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141129042827/https://www-03.ibm.com/press/us/en/pressrelease/2016.wss">"Compaq, Hewlett Packard, IBM, Intel, and Microsoft Announce Open Alliance to Build Trust and Security into PCs for e-business"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www-03.ibm.com/press/us/en/pressrelease/2016.wss">the original</a> on November 29, 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2014-11-17</span></span>.</cite> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{cite web}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">|author=</code> has generic name (help)</span></span>

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<li id="cite_note-TCPA-FC-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-TCPA-FC_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFJeanne_Orfinik1999" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-unfit">Jeanne Orfinik (November 19, 1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20020606142131/http://www.trustedpc.org/press/pdf/TCPA111999REL.pdf">"Trusted Computing Platform Alliance Holds Founding Conference"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Archived from the original on June 6, 2002<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2014-11-17</span></span>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-TCPA-v1.0-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-TCPA-v1.0_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFTrusted_Computing_Platform_Alliance2001" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-unfit">Trusted Computing Platform Alliance (January 30, 2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20020806140425/http://www.trustedcomputing.org/docs/tcpa_final.pdf">"Trusted Computing Platform Alliance Announces v.1.0 Specifications for Trusted Computing"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Archived from the original on August 6, 2002<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2014-11-17</span></span>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-IBM-TP-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-IBM-TP_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFRick_Merritt2002" class="citation web cs1">Rick Merritt (April 24, 2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.eetimes.com/document.asp?doc_id=1144608">"IBM ThinkPad complies with TCPA security spec"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2014-11-17</span></span>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trustedcomputinggroup.org/membership/">"Membership"</a>. Trusted Computing Group. 2020-05-01<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-05-01</span></span>.</cite></span>

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div>

<ul><li><span class="official-website"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trustedcomputinggroup.org">Official website</a></span></span> </li></ul>

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